Pleural Effusion

• CXR - Homogenous opacity

Trnasudative Pleural Effusion :-
• Pleural membrane is intact
• Increased pulmonary hydrostatic pressure
• Decreased systemic colloid osmotic pressure
• Low protein
• Low LDH

Exudative Pleural Effusion :-
• Pleural membrane involved
• Increased capillary wall permeability
• Elevated protein level

Pleural Effusion with low glucose :-
Trick (BMR)
• Bact. Infection
• Malignancy
• Rheumatoid Arthritis

Amylase elevated in Pleural fluid :-
Trick (PREM)
• Pancreatitis
• Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy
• Esophageal rupture
• Malignancy

Diagnosis :-
PF protein / serum protein > 0.5
PF LDH / serum LDH > 0.6
PF LDH > 2/3 upper normal serum limit
TB pleural effusion :-
• Hemorrhagic fluid
• Adenosine deaminase > 45 IU/L
• Interferon gamma > 140 pg/ml
• Positive polymerase chain reaction

Cholesterol in Pleural effusion :-
Trick (HAT)
• Hypothyroidism
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• TB
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