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Virus :-
•Enveloped and icosahedral and has a nonsegmented, single-stranded, 10 kilobase positive-sense RNA genome
Transmission :-
•Zika is primarily spread in daytime by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.
•Sexual contact
•Blood transfusions
•Vertical transmission
•The basic reproduction number (R0, a measure of transmissibility) of Zika virus has been estimated to be between 1.4 and 6.6.
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C/F :-
•Zika fever or Zika virus disease - causes no or only mild symptoms, similar to a very mild form of dengue fever.
•Vertical transmission can result in microcephaly, severe brain malformations, and other birth defects. Zika infections in adults may result rarely in Guillain–Barré syndrome.
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| Microcephaly |
Pathogenesis :-
•Zika virus replicates in the mosquito's midgut epithelial cells and then its salivary gland cells. After 5–10 days, the virus can be found in the mosquito’s saliva. With mosquito’s bite, the virus can infect epidermal keratinocytes, skin fibroblasts in the skin and the Langerhans cells.
Diagnosis :-
•Testing the blood, urine, or saliva for the presence of Zika virus RNA when the person is sick.
T/t :-
•Prevention involves decreasing mosquito bites in areas where the disease occurs, and proper use of condoms. There is no effective vaccine. While there is no specific treatment, paracetamol (acetaminophen) and rest may help with the symptoms.
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Imp facts about Zika Virus :-
•The virus was first isolated in April 1947 from a rhesus macaque monkey.
•The first true case of human infection was identified by Simpson in 1964 who was himself infected while isolating the virus from mosquitoes.
•There was an epidemic in 2015 and 2016 in the Americas. The outbreak began in April 2015 in Brazil. It was estimated that 1.5 million people were infected by Zika in Brazil with over 3,500 cases of microcephaly reported between October 2015 and January 2016.
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